The Relationship between Academic Stress and Dropout Intention of University Students: The Mediating Role of Teacher and Family Support

Authors

  • Tuan Pham Van Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/16.2/877

Keywords:

academic stress, dropout intention, teacher support, family support, university students, Vietnam

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the impact of teacher and family support on academic stress and students' dropout intention and the mediating role of teacher and family support in the relationship between academic stress and students' intention to leave school. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey method. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and a random sampling technique was used to obtain 921 respondents. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to analyze survey data; descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and mediate variable analysis using the bootstrapping method were calculated to prove the hypotheses. Research results show that teacher support has a significant direct effect on academic stress (β = -.155, p<0.01), family support has a significant direct effect on dropout intention (β = -.092, p< 0.01), academic stress has a significant direct effect on dropout intention with a sizable effect size (β = .388, p<0.01), there is no direct impact from family support on academic stress (β = .037, p> 0.05), and teacher support has not a significant direct effect on dropout intention (β =- .021, p>0.05). Teacher support and family support do not have a mediating role in influencing the relationship between academic stress and students' intention to leave school. The research results improve the quality of higher education by promoting family and teacher support to control students' academic stress and limit the dropout intention rate.

References

Abreu Alves, S., Sinval, J., Lucas Neto, L., Marôco, J., Gonçalves Ferreira, A., & Oliveira, P. (2022). Burnout and dropout intention in medical students: the protective role of academic engagement. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-03094-9

Agyekum, B. (2023). Challenges of learning environments experienced by distance-learning higher education students in Ghana. International Review of Education, 69, 51–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-023-09991-z

Aihie, O. N., & Ohanaka, B. I. (2019). Perceived academic stress among undergraduate students in a Nigerian University. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 9(2), 56. https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/view/10433

Aiman, N. H. I., Khan, R. K. A. W., Shahadan, M. A., Perveen, A., Hussien, H., & Pua, K. D. I. (2020). Factors of Academic Stress among Students in A Primary School in Kepong, Kuala Lumpur: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 5(34), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.534003

Ansong, D., Moses, O., Gary, L. B., Anne, M. W., Sarah, R. E. (2017). The role of parent, classmate, and teacher support in student engagement: Evidence from Ghana. International Journal of Educational Development, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.03.010

Arguel, A., Lockyer, L., Lipp, O. V., Lodge, J. M., & Kennedy, G. (2017). Inside out: detecting learners’ confusion to improve interactive digital learning environments. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55(4), 526-551.https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633116674732

Arzola, M. P. (2019). Serie informe social. Gratuidad y financiamiento de la educación superior: cifras para el debate. https://lyd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/siso-174-gratuidad-y-financiamiento-de-la-educacion-superior-cifras-para-el-debate-febrero2019.pdf

Barbayannis, G., Bandari, M., Zheng, X., Baquerizo, H., Pecor, K. W., & Ming, X. (2022). Academic Stress and Mental Well-Being in College Students: Correlations, Affected Groups, and COVID-19. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 886344. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.886344

Bardach, L., Lüftenegger, M., Oczlon, S., Spiel, C., & Schober, B. (2020). Context-related problems and university students’ dropout intentions—the buffering effect of personal best goals. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 35, 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-019-00433-9

Bernardo, A. B., Cerezo, R., Rodríguez-Muñiz, L., Núñez, J. C., Tuero, E., and García, M. E. (2016). Predicción del abandono universitario: variables explicativas y medidas de prevención. Revista Fuentes, 16, 63–84. https://doi.org/10.12795/revistafuentes.2015.i16.03

Bernardo, A.B.; Castro-Lopez, A.; Almeida, L.S.; Fernandez-Rivas, S. (2023). Challenges of Higher Education in Turbulent Environments. Sustainability, 15(4):2965. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042965

Binh, M.C., Tran, N. G., Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, T. T. N., Pham, H. B. N. (2023). Factors influencing students’ dropout intentions in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. https://doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2023-11-3-417-437

Campbell, F., Blank, L., Cantrell, A. et al. Factors that influence mental health of university and college students in the UK: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 22, 1778 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13943-x

Cassidy, T. (2004). Mapping variables related to social identity, distress and perceived health in an undergraduate student population. Social Psychology of Education. 7, 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SPOE.0000037504.24380.b3

Chiu, M. M. & Chow, B. W. Y. (2011). Classroom discipline across forty-one countries: school, economic, and cultural differences. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(3), 516-533. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022110381115

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310

Connell, J.P., Wellborn, J.G. (1991). Competence, autonomy, and relatedness: A motivational analysis of self- system processes. In M.R. Gunnar, L.A., Sroufe (Eds.), Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, 23, 43-77.

Cornelius, M. F. (2020) Risk factors associated with first-year students’ intention to drop out from a university in South Africa. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(2), 201-215, https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2018.1527023

Dada, J. O., Babatunde, S.O. and Adeleye, R.O. (2019). Assessment of academic stress and coping strategies among built environment undergraduate students in Nigerian higher education. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 11(3), 367-378. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-06-2018-0100

De Oliveira-Nunes, S. C., Benevides-Soares, A., Monteiro, M. C., Hernandez, J. A. E. (2020). Satisfaction with social support and adaptation to the university: psychometric properties. Trends in Psychology, 28, 197–212. https://doi.org/10.9788/s43076-019-00009-y

Descals-Tomás, A., Rocabert-Beut, E., Abellán-Roselló, L., Gómez-Artiga, A., Doménech-Betoret, F. (2021). Influence of teacher and family support on university student motivation and engagement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5):2606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052606

Díaz-Mujica, A., García, D., López-Angulo, Y., Maluenda, J., Hernández, H., and Pérez, M. V. (2018). Mediación del ajuste académico entre variables cognitivo-motivacionales y la intención de abandono en primer año de universidad. In Congresos CLABES. Retrieved from https://revistas.utp.ac.pa/index.php/clabes/article/view/1934

Eicher, V., Staerklé, C., & Clémence, A. (2014). I want to quit education: a longitudinal study of stress and optimism as predictors of school dropout intention. Journal of adolescence, 37(7), 1021–1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.007

Fauziah, P.Y., Izzaty, R.E., & Kusumawardani, E. (2022) Child nurture and learning assistance for children in the family during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6 (3):2258-2265. DOI: 10.31004/obsesi.v6i3.1809

Fawzy, M., Hamed, S.A. (2017). Prevalence of psychological stress, depression and anxiety among medical students in Egypt. Psychiatry Research, 255, 186–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.027

Feng, L., Zhang, L. (2022). Perceived teacher support, peer relationship, and university students' mental health: The mediation of reality and Internet altruistic behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 999524. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.999524

Gallego, J., Aguilar-Parra, J.M., Cangas, A.J., Langer, Á.I., & Mañas, I. (2014). Effect of a mindfulness program on stress, anxiety and depression in university students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 17. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2014.102

Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2008). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (6th ed.)., NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Gurung, M., Chansatitporn, N., Chamroonsawasdi, K., & Lapvongwatana, P. (2020). Academic stress among high school students in a rural area of Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study. JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 58(225), 306–309. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4978

Hado, E., & Friss Feinberg, L. (2020). Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, meaningful communication between family caregivers and residents of long-term care facilities is imperative. Journal of aging & social policy, 32(4-5), 410–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2020.1765684

Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. (7th ed.) Pearson Education.

Hernández-Torrano, D., Ibrayeva, L., Sparks, J., Lim, N., Clementi, A., Almukhambetova, A., Nurtayev, Y., & Muratkyzy, A. (2020). Mental health and well-being of University students: A bibliometric mapping of the literature. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01226

Hoferichter, F., Kulakow, S., Raufelder, D. (2022). How teacher and classmate support relate to students’ stress and academic achievement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 992497. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992497

Ícaro, J.S.R, Rafael, P., Ivna, V.F., Bruno, G.O., Cezar, A.C., Eduardo, N. B. (2018). Stress and quality of life among university students: A systematic literature review. Health Professions Education, 4(2), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2017.03.002

Jabbar, H., Serrata, C., Epstein, E., & Sanchez, J. (2019). "Echale ganas": Family support of Latino/a community college students' transfer to four-year universities. Journal of Latinos and Education, 18(3), 258-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2017.1390462

Jeno, L. M., Nylehn, J., Hole, T. N., Raaheim, A., Velle, G. and Vandvik, V. (2023). Motivational Determinants of students’ academic functioning: The role of autonomy-support, autonomous motivation, and perceived competence. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 67(2), 194–211. https://doi. org/10.1080/00313831.2021.1990125

Kaplan, H. (2018). Teachers’ autonomy support, autonomy suppression and conditional negative regard as predictors of optimal learning experience among high-achieving Bedouin students. Social Psychology of Education, 21, 22–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9405-y

Kim, S.-H., & Park, J.-E. (2021). The effect of academic stress of college students on dropout intention: mediating effects of academic procrastination behavior. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, 11(2), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.22156/CS4SMB.2021.11.02.138

King, R. B., McInerney, D. M., and Watkins, D. A. (2012). How you think about your intelligence determines how you feel in school: the role of theories of intelligence on academic emotions. Learning and Individual Differences, 22, 814–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.04.005

Lazarová, B., Hlaďo, P., Hloušková, L. (2019). Perception of teacher support by students in vocational education and its associations with career adaptability and other variables. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 12(4), 47-64. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2019.0403

Levens, S., Elrahal, F. & Sagui-Henson, S. (2016). The role of family support and perceived stress reactivity in predicting depression in College Freshman. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 35, 342-355. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2016.35.4.342

Liu, W., Mei, J., Tian, L., and Huebner, E. S. (2016). Age and gender differences in the relation between school-related social support and subjective well-being in school among students. Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 125, 1065–1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0873-1

Lodge, J.M., Kennedy, G., Lockyer, L., Arguel, A. and Pachman, M. (2018). Understanding difficulties and resulting confusion in learning: An integrative review. Frontiers in Education. 3, 49. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00049

Longobardi, C., Prino, L. E., Marengo, D., & Settanni, M. (2016). Student-teacher relationships as a protective factor for school adjustment during the transition from middle to high school. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1988. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01988

López-Angulo, Y., Fabiola, S-D., Javier, M-N., Ana, B.B., Alejandro, D-M. (2022). Predictive model of the dropout intention of Chilean university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893894

Luna, N.A., & Martinez, M. (2013). A qualitative study using community cultural wealth to understand the educational experiences of Latino college students. Journal of Praxis in Multicultural Education, 9(1). http://doi.org/10.9741/2161-2978.1045

Ma, G. L. & Del, R. (2023). Stress and Coping Strategies and Academic Performance Of Teacher Education Students. Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, 14(3). 739-748. https://jett.labosfor.com/

Maharana, N., Goswami, R., & Behera, D.K. (2023). Impact of mindfulness to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression among the university students of Odisha. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science. https://doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v1i03.206

Marôco, J., Assunção, H., Harju-Luukkainen, H., Lin, S-W., Sit, P-S., Cheung, K-c, et al. (2020). Predictors of academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students: Can engagement suppress burnout? PLoS ONE 15(10): e0239816. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239816

McLean, L., Gaul, D., Penco, R. (2022). Perceived social support and stress: a study of 1st year students in Ireland. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 27:1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00710-z

McMahon, S. D., Coker, C., and Parnes, A. L. (2013). Environmental stressors, social support, and internalizing symptoms among African American youth. Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 615–630. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21560

Metheny, J., McWhirter, E. H., & O’Neil, M. E. (2008). Measuring perceived teacher support and its influence on adolescent career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), 218-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707313198

Miller, A., Ferguson, E., and Byrne, I. (2000). Pupils' causal attributions for difficult classroom behaviour. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709900157985

Misra, R., & Castillo, L. G. (2004). Academic stress among college students: comparison of American and international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 11(2), 132–148. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.11.2.132

Misra, R., & McKean, M. (2000). College students' academic stress and its relation to their anxiety, time management, and leisure satisfaction. American Journal of Health Studies, 16(1), 41.

Mkonto, N. (2021). Family support for First-Year students during the transition to University. The International Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 28(1): 137-151. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7955/CGP

Mofatteh, M. (2020). Risk factors associated with stress, anxiety, and depression among university undergraduate students. AIMS Public Health, 8(1):36-65. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2021004

Morales, J. O., Correa, F. E. (2017). Modelo de la conducta planeada para predecir la intención de continuar estudiando: Un estudio con adolescentes que viven zona marginal. Uaricha 12, 78–89.

Morento, I.P., Sayson, A., Ursal, G., & Ursal, G. (2024). Level of stress, coping strategies and academic achievement of college students during HyFlex learning. Diversitas Journal. https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v9i1.2913

Neseliler, S., Tannenbaum, B., Zacchia, M., Larcher, K., Coulter, K., Lamarche, M., Marliss, E. B., Pruessner, J., & Dagher, A. (2017). Academic stress and personality interact to increase the neural response to high-calorie food cues. Appetite, 116, 306–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.016

Noman, M., Kaur, A., & Nafees, N. (2021). Covid-19 fallout: Interplay between stressors and support on academic functioning of Malaysian university students. Children and Youth Services Review, 125, 106001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106001

Pascoe, M. C., Hetrick, S. E., Parker, A. G. (2020). The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 104-112.

Peng, P., Chen, S., Hao, Y., et al. (2023). Network of burnout, depression, anxiety, and dropout intention in medical undergraduates. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 69(6):1520-1531. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640231166629

Perry, J. C., Liu, X., & Pabian. Y. (2010). School engagement as a mediator of academic performance among urban youth: The role of career preparation, parental career support, and teacher support. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(2), 269–295. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0011000009349272

Rehman, M., Jawad, Z.S. & Bano, S. (2023). Level of academic stress and its influence on the academic achievements of students at Mirpur University of Science and Technology. Sjesr, 6, 169-175. https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol6-iss1-2023(169-175)

Richardson, M., Abraham, C., and Bond, R. (2012). Psychological correlates of university students’ academic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 138, 353–387. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026838

Rodríguez, M. S., Tinajero, C., & Páramo, M. F. (2017). Pre-entry characteristics, perceived social support, adjustment and academic achievement in first-year Spanish university students: A path model. The Journal of psychology, 151(8), 722–738. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2017.1372351

Roksa, J., & Kinsley, P. (2019). The role of family support in facilitating academic success of low-income students. Research in Higher Education, 60(4), 415–437.

Ruzek, E. A., Hafen, C. A., Allen, J. P., Gregory, A., Mikami, A. Y., & Pianta, R. C. (2016). How teacher emotional support motivates students: The mediating roles of perceived peer relatedness, autonomy support, and competence. Learning and instruction, 42, 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.01.004

Schnettler, T., Bobe, J., Scheunemann, A., Fries, S., & Grunschel, C. (2020). Is it still worth it? Applying expectancy-value theory to investigate the intraindividual motivational process of forming intentions to drop out from university. Motivation and Emotion, 44, 491-507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-020-09822-w

Stine, E. (2022). The impact of perceived psychosocial environment and academic emotions on higher education students’ intentions to drop out. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(4), 1044-1059, https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1882404

Stinebrickner, R., Stinebrickner, T. (2014). Academic performance and college dropout: using longitudinal expectations data to estimate a learning model. Journal of Labor Economics. 32, 601–644. https://doi.org/10.1086/675308

Sun, J., Dunne, M. P., Hou, X.-y., & Xu, A.-q. (2011). Educational stress scale for adolescents: Development, validity, and reliability with Chinese students. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(6), 534–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282910394976

Sun, X. J., Song, N. Q., Liang, X. Y. (2021). The effects of perceived parent and teacher support on continuing motivation for STEAM education: the mediating roles of learning interest and self-efficacy. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 19(1): 37-44. https://psybeh.tjnu.edu.cn/EN/Y2021/V19/I1/37

Tayebi, A., Gomez, J., & Delgado, C. (2021). Analysis on the lack of motivation and dropout in engineering students in Spain. IEEE Access, 9, 66253–66265. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3076751

Trigueros, R., Padilla, A., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Lirola, M. J., García-Luengo, A. V., Rocamora-Pérez, P., & López-Liria, R. (2020). The influence of teachers on motivation and academic stress and their effect on the learning strategies of university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 9089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239089

Tuan, P. V. (2020). Factors affecting the first-years students’ adaptation to learning activities: A case study of a public university in Vietnam. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 1422-1432. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.83143

Tus, J. (2020). Academic stress, academic motivation, and its relationship on the academic performance of the senior high school students. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 8(11), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13174952.v1

Urvi, P., & Douglas, K. (2023) Coping with academic stress: Ambiguity and uncertainty tolerance in college students. Journal of American College Health, 71(7), 2208-2216, https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1965148

Vachkova, S.N., Vachkov, I.V., Klimov, I.A., Petryaeva, E.Y., & Salakhova, V.B. (2022). Lessons of the pandemic for family and school—the challenges and prospects of network education. Sustainability. 14 (4):2087. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042087

Vander, Z. P. J. A. C., Denessen, E., Cillessen, A. H. N., Meijer, P. C. (2018). Domains and predictors of first-year student success: a systematic review. Educational Research Review. 23, 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.01.001

Véliz, P. J. C., Ortega A. M. (2023). Dropout intentions in higher education: Systematic literature review. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 16(2), 149-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2023.160206

Wang, M.T. (2009). School climate support for behavioral and psychological adjustment: Testing the mediating effect of social competence. School Psychology Quarterly, 24(4), 240–251. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017999

Wentzel, K. R., Muenks, K., McNeish, D., & Russell, S. (2017). Peer and teacher supports in relation to motivation and effort: A multi-level study. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 49, 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.11.002

Woodard, D. B., Mallory, S. L., & De Luca, A. M. (2001). Retention and institutional effort: A self-study framework. NASPA Journal, 39(1), 53–83. https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.1159

Yang, C., Chen, A., & Chen, Y. (2021). College students' stress and health in the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of academic workload, separation from school, and fears of contagion. PloS one, 16(2), e0246676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246676

Yanina, G. L., Noel, A-Z., Jessica, E. A. F. & Yolvi, O-F. (2020). Time Management and Academic Stress in Lima University Students. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(9), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n9p32

Yaranay, L-A., Fabiola, S-D., Javier, M-N., Ana, B. B., Alejandro, D-M. (2022). Predictive model of the dropout intention of Chilean university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893894

Yikealo, D., Yemane, B. and Karvinen, I. (2018) The level of academic and environmental stress among college students: a case in the college of education. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 40-57. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2018.611004

Yupanqui-Lorenzo, D. E., Jara-Osorio, L. A., Carbajal-León, C., Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Cardoza Sernaqué, M. A., & Duran Quispe, K. S. (2024). Course dropout intention scale: Development and validation of a new brief measure in academic college context. European Journal of Educational Research, 13(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.1.103

Zhang, X. X., Guo, H. Y., & Lin, D. H. (2019). A study on the relationship between parent-child, peer, teacher-student relations and subjective well-being of adolescents. Psychol. Develop. Educat, 4, 458–466. https://doi.org/10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2019.04.09

Zimet, G., Dahlem, N., Zimet, S., and Farley, G. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J. Pers. Assess. 52, 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2

Downloads

Published

2024-05-31

How to Cite

Pham Van, T. (2024). The Relationship between Academic Stress and Dropout Intention of University Students: The Mediating Role of Teacher and Family Support. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 16(2), 642-665. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/16.2/877

Issue

Section

Psycho-Social Competencies & Educational Strategies