Online Education during Pandemic: Sharenting vs. Children’s Right to their Own Image and Education

Authors

  • Mirela Carmen Dobrila Faculty of Law, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza Iasi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.1/380

Keywords:

the child's right to education, online education during pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19), sharenting, the child's right his own image.

Abstract

This article examines the legal issues that have forced the transition to an online school learning process for children, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the pandemic. Although we believe that from a legal point of view, children's access to education must be respected, the article highlights the problems regarding the amplification of the sharenting phenomenon (already at worrying levels), determined by the transition to online learning. The article shows that the development of the educational process in the online environment determines the amplification of the sharenting phenomenon: this happens because teachers and parents have no legal knowledge and have not been trained on the risks of the online environment and the limits to children's rights (posting videos and audio of children in the online educational process); the school educational process takes place through social media platforms that are not designed for online learning and are not prepared to respect the child's right to his own image and his privacy and dignity. The article also analyzes the legal implications in the European context related to children's rights.

 

Author Biography

Mirela Carmen Dobrila, Faculty of Law, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza Iasi

Lecturer PhD, Departament of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Al. I. Cuza University from Iasi, Romania

References

Blecher-Prigat, Ayelet (2020). Children’s Right to privacy. In James C. Dwyer (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Children and the Law. New York: Oxford University Press.

Blum-Ross, Alicia, & Livingstone, Sonia (2017). “Sharenting,” parent blogging and the boundaries of the digital self. Popular Communication: The International Journal of Media and Culture. Available at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/67380/1/Blum-Ross_Sharenting_revised_2nd%20version_2017.pdf (consulted on 12.05.2020).

Brosch, Anna (2016). When the Child is Born into the Internet : Sharenting as a Growing Trend among Parents on Facebook, The New Educational Review 43 (1), martie 2016. Available at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/67380/1/Blum-Ross_Sharenting_revised_2nd%20version_2017.pdf (consulted on 10.05.2020).

Brosch, Anna (2018). Sharenting – Why Do Parents Violate Their Children’s Privacy?. The New Educational Review, vol. 54. Available at http://www.educationalrev.us.edu.pl/e54/a6.pdf (consulted on 10.05.2020).

C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, University of Michigan Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit (2015). National Poll on ChildreSn Health- Parents on social media: Likes and dislikes of sharenting, vol. 23, nr. 2, 16 martie 2015, U.S.. Available at https://mottpoll.org/sites/default/files/documents/031615_sharenting_0.pdf (consulted on 18.12.2019).

Council of Europe (2016). Strategy for the Rights of the Child 2016-2021, Children’s human rights. Available at https://childhub.org/ro/system/tdf/library/attachments/strategy_2016_2021_web_a4.pdf.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=20377(consulted on 11.05.2020);

Decision of the Group of Technical-Scientific Support Regarding the Management of Highly Contagious Diseases on the Territory of Romania no. 9/10.03.2020. Approved by the Decision of the National Committee for Special Emergency Situations/CNSSU no. 7/11.03.2020. Published in Brochure no.1/11.03.2020. Available at https://gov.ro/fisiere/pagini_fisiere/HOT%C4%82R%C3%82RE_nr._9_din_10.03.2020_a_Grupului_de_suport_tehnico-%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bific_privind_gestionarea_bolilor_%C3%AEnalt_contagioase_pe_teritoriul_Rom%C3%A2niei_aprobat%C4%83_tacit_de_C.N.S.S.U._%C3%AEn_data_de_11.03.2020.pdf (consulted at 12.05.2020).

Digital Europe Association (2013). Cercetarea Resursele educaționale- Survey. Available at https://europadigitala.ro/sondaj/ (consulted on 20.05.2020).

European Commission (2020). A Europe fit for the digital age. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age_en (consulted on 15.05.2020).

European Commission (2020). Digital Education Action Plan: Digital competences and technology in education. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/education/education-in-the-eu/digital-education-action-plan_en (consulted on 19.05.2020).

European Commission (2020). European Education Area: Towards a European Education Area. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/education/education-in-the-eu/european-education-area_en (consulted on 19.05.2020).

European Opinion Research Group E.E.I.G. (2004). Illegal and harmful content on the Internet, mai 2004, Special Eurobarometer 203, Wave 60.2. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_203_en.pdf (consulted on 21.05.2020).

Family Online Safety Institute (2015). Raport Parents, Privacy & Technology Use. Available at https://www.fosi.org/policy-research/parents-privacy-technology-use/ (consulted on 10.05.2020).

Federaţia Naţională a Asociaţiilor de Părinţi - Ȋnvăţământ Preuniversitar (FNAP-IP). Sondaj despre percepția părinților asupra educației on-line pe perioada stării de urgență, Chestionar adresat părinţilor (Comunicat de presă 8 Mai 2020). Available at https://stiriedu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Comunicat-FNAP.pdf /(consulted on 21.05.2020).

Ministry of Education and Research (March 10, 2020). The address transmitted to the County School Inspectorates/ISMB and universities considering the measures established by the National Committee for Special Emergency Situations. Available at https://www.edu.ro/adresele-transmise-de-ministerul-educa%C8%9Biei-%C8%99i-cercet%C4%83rii-c%C4%83tre-inspectoratele-%C8%99colare-jude%C8%9Beneismb (consulted on 20.05.2020).

Moser, Carol, & Tianying Chen, & Schoenebeck, Sarita Yardi (2017). Parents’ and Children’s Preferences about Parents Sharing about Children on Social Media. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 2017. Available at https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025587 (consulted on 21.05.2020).

National Authority for the Protection of the Rights of the Child and Adoption (2014-2020). National Strategy for the Protection of the Rights of the Child 2014-2020- Strategia Naţională Pentru Protecția Și Promovarea Drepturilor Copilului 2014-2020. Available at http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/images/Documente/Transparenta/2014/2014-02-03_Anexa1_HG_Strategie_protectia_copilului.pdf (consulted on 12.05.2020).

Romanian Ombudsman/ People’s Advocate - National Human Rights Institution, Carla Cozma (2016). Avocatul Poporului: Protejarea imaginii copilului pe Internet, Carla Cozma, Iaşi Territorial Office. Available at http://www.avpoporului.ro/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=262:articole-in-presa-iasi-2016&catid=2&Itemid=121&lang=en (consulted on 10.05.2020).

Steinberg, Stacey B. (2017). Sharenting: Children 's Privacy in the Age of Social Media. UF Law Faculty Publications, University of Florida Levin College of Law. Available at https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1796&context=facultypub (consulted on 10.05.2020).

SuperTeach, Open-I Research (2020). Study „Vocea SuperTeach@Părinţi”- 3-7 May 2020. Available at https://www.facebook.com/SuperTeachRomania/(consulted on 20.05.2020).

The Governement Gradual Intersectoral Framework for combating the effects of the pandemic with the A/H1N1 virus on July 22, 2009 Published in Official Gazette no. No. 615 of September 11, 2009.

The High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania/ Înalta Curte De Casaţie Şi Justiţie, Secţia de Contencios Administrativ şi Fiscal, Decision no. 4546/27 november 2014. Available at www.scj.ro (consulted on 15.05.2020).

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNESCO (2020). Distance learning solutions. More on UNESCO's COVID-19 Education. Available at https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/solutions (consulted on 20.05.2020).

UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (2017). Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Romania. Available at: https://www.refworld.org/publisher,CRC,,ROM,59c909db4,0.html (consulted on 11.05.2020).

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989, entry into force 2 September 1990, ratified by Law no. 18/1990, Published in The Official Journal of Romania no. 314 of 13.06.2001.

Velicu, Anca, & Balea, Bianca, & Barbovschi, Monica, (2019). Studiul Acces, utilizări, riscuri și opportunități ale internetului pentru copiii din România- Rezultate ale proiectului EU Kids Online 2018- DigiLiv-REI (cu sprijinul IRES – Institutul Român pentru Evaluare și Strategie, Institutul de Sociologie al Academiei Române), January 2019. Available at http://rokidsonline.net/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EU-Kids-Online-RO-report-15012019_DL.pdf (consulted on 21.05.2020).

World Health Organization- WHO (March 11, 2020). WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. Available at http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic (consulted on 15.05.2020).

Downloads

Published

2021-03-16

How to Cite

Dobrila, M. C. (2021). Online Education during Pandemic: Sharenting vs. Children’s Right to their Own Image and Education. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 13(1), 431-446. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.1/380