New Technology in Education on Performance Analysis. Wearable Sensors Utility on Alpine Skiing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/15.4/793Keywords:
alpine ski, wearable sensor, performance analysis, linear regressionAbstract
The study explains how employing sensors while alpine skiing may raise an athlete's technical proficiency. The sensors offer a reliable set of data that enables the creation of a picture of the athlete's technical dexterity. Through statistical analysis of this data, it is possible to derive the equation for multiple linear regression, which illustrates the relationship between the athlete's time recording (which is regarded as the dependent variable) and the sensor-monitored parameters (considered independent variables). In the study, two linear regression equations were developed, with the number of independent variables considered determining which one was used. The quantity of athletes being watched and their technical proficiency have an impact on how accurate multiple linear regression is. The educational utility of the study derives from the mathematical model provided. This model will enable the athlete to concentrate primarily on the technical aspects of performance improvement while also understanding how improvement in specific technical elements affects the potential time to be achieved.
References
Bessone, V., Petrat, J., Seiberl, W., & Schwirtz, A. (2018). Analysis of landing in ski jumping by means of inertial sensors and force insoles. The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association. MDPI. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2060311
Bon, I., Očić, M., Cigrovski, V., Rupčić, T., & Knjaz, D. (2021). What are kinematic and kinetic differences between short and parallel turn in alpine skiing?. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(6), 3029. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063029
Camomilla, V., Bergamini, E., Fantozzi, S., & Vannozzi, G. (2018). Trends supporting the in-field use of wearable inertial sensors for sport performance evaluation: A systematic review. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 18(3), 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030873
Fasel, B., Spörri, J., Gilgien, M., Boffi, G., Chardonnens, J., Müller, E., & Aminian, K. (2016). Three-Dimensional body and centre of mass kinematics in alpine ski racing using differential GNSS and inertial sensors. Remote Sensing, 8(8), 671. MDPI AG. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8080671
Fromel, K., Kudlacek, M., Groffik, D., Svozil, Z., Simunek, A., & Garbaciak, W. (2017). Promoting healthy lifestyle and well-being in adolescents through outdoor physical activity. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(5), 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050533
Keshvari, B., Mitternacht, J., Senner, V. (2022). Measuring variation in vertical ground reaction force for football boot midsoles, playing surfaces and football specific movements. Research Square. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1614221/v1
Kim, S.-H., Lee, B., & Hong, Y.-D. (2019). Stability control and turning algorithm of an alpine skiing robot. Sensors, 19(17), 3664. MDPI AG. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173664
Komissarov, S.. (2020). Balanced carving turns in alpine skiing. Sports Biomechanics. 22. 1-34. 10.1080/14763141.2020.1795236.
Luchner, R., Steidl-Müller, L., Niedermeier, M., & Raschner, C. (2021). Maximal isometric or eccentric hamstring strength-which test modality might be more suitable for assessments in youth alpine ski racers?. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(4), 2138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042138
Martínez, A., Brunauer, R., Venek, V., Snyder, C., Jahnel, R., Buchecker, M., Thorwartl, C., & Stöggl, T. (2019). Development and validation of a gyroscope-based turn detection algorithm for alpine skiing in the field. Frontiers in sports and active living, 1, 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2019.00018
Müller, E., Benko, U., Raschner, C., & Schwameder, H. (2000). Specific fitness training and testing in competitive sports. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 32(1), 216–220. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200001000-00032
Nakazato, K., Scheiber, P., & Müller, E. (2011). A comparison of ground reaction forces determined by portable force-plate and pressure-insole systems in alpine skiing. Journal of sports science & medicine, 10(4), 754–762.
Neuwirth, C., Snyder, C., Kremser, W., Brunauer, R., Holzer, H., & Stöggl, T. (2020). Classification of alpine skiing styles using GNSS and inertial measurement units. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 20(15), 4232. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154232
Nimmervoll, F., Çakmak, U., & Reiter, M. (2021). Studying force patterns in an alpine ski boot and their relation to riding styles and falling mechanisms. Frontiers in sports and active living, 3, 557849. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.557849
Ostrek, M., Rhodin, H., Fua, P., Müller, E., & Spörri, J. (2019). Are existing monocular computer vision-based 3D motion capture approaches ready for deployment? A methodological study on the example of alpine skiing. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 19(19), 4323. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194323
Qi, L. (2021). Volleyball action extraction and dynamic recognition based on gait tactile sensor. Journal of Sensors, 2021, 1-11.
Repnik, E., Puh, U., Goljar, N., Munih, M., & Mihelj, M. (2018). Using inertial measurement units and electromyography to quantify movement during action research arm test execution. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 18(9), 2767. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092767
Ruiz-García, I., Navarro-Marchal, I., Ocaña-Wilhelmi, J., Palma, A. J., Gómez-López, P. J., & Carvajal, M. A. (2021). Development and evaluation of a low-drift inertial sensor-based system for analysis of alpine skiing performance. Sensors, 21(7), 2480. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072480
Russo, C., Puppo, E., Roati, S., & Somà, A. (2022). Proposal of an alpine skiing kinematic analysis with the aid of miniaturized monitoring sensors, a pilot study. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(11), 4286. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114286
Schläppi, O. & Urffer, J. & Kredel, R. (2016). Visual perception in alpine ski racing: A qualitative analysis based on interviews with top-level athletes. Sportwissenschaft. 46. 10.1007/s12662-016-0400-9.
Snyder, C., Martínez, A., Jahnel, R., Roe, J., & Stöggl, T. (2021). Connected skiing: Motion quality quantification in alpine skiing. Sensors, 21(11), 3779. MDPI AG. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113779
Spörri, J., Kröll, J., Gilgien, M., & Müller, E. (2016). Sidecut radius and the mechanics of turning-equipment designed to reduce risk of severe traumatic knee injuries in alpine giant slalom ski racing. British journal of sports medicine, 50(1), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095737
Spörri, J., Kröll, J., Schwameder, H., & Müller, E. (2012). Turn characteristics of a top world class athlete in Giant Slalom: A case study assessing current performance prediction concepts. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 7(4), 647–659. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.4.647
Stoeve, M., Schuldhaus, D., Gamp, A., Zwick, C., & Eskofier, B. M. (2021). From the laboratory to the field: IMU-based shot and pass detection in football training and game scenarios using deep learning. Sensors, 21(9), 3071. MDPI AG. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093071
Supej, M., & Holmberg, H. C. (2019). Recent kinematic and kinetic advances in olympic alpine skiing: Pyeongchang and Beyond. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 111. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00111
Supej, M., Ogrin, J., Šarabon, N., & Holmberg, H.-C. (2020). Asymmetries in the technique and ground reaction forces of elite alpine skiers influence their slalom performance. Applied Sciences, 10(20), 7288. MDPI AG. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207288
Taborri, J., Keogh, J., Kos, A., Santuz, A., Umek, A., Urbanczyk, C., van der Kruk, E., & Rossi, S. (2020). Sport biomechanics applications using inertial, force, and EMG sensors: A literature overview. Applied bionics and biomechanics, 2020, 2041549. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2041549
Tan, A. M., Fuss, F. K., Weizman, Y., & Troynikov, O. (2015). Development of a smart insole for medical and sports purposes. Procedia Engineering, 112, 152-156.
Umek, A. & Kos, A. (2020). Sensor system for augmented feedback applications in volleyball. Procedia Computer Science. 174. 369-374. 10.1016/j.procs.2020.06.101.
Umek, A., & Kos, A. (2020). Sensor system for augmented feedback applications in volleyball. Procedia Computer Science, 174, 369-374.
We created our survey using Carv. https://getcarv.com/how-it-works
XSENSOR Marketing (May 30, 2022). Improve sports performance: Gait optimization, https://blog.xsensor.com/sports-performance-gait-optimization (accessed on 29.07.2022)
Yu, G., Jang, Y. J., Kim, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, H. Y., Kim, K., & Panday, S. B. (2016). Potential of IMU Sensors in performance analysis of professional alpine skiers. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 16(4), 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040463
Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Xia, Y., Wu, X. E., Kirk, T., Chen, X. (2019). A low-cost and highly integrated sensing insole for plantar pressure measurement. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research. 26. 100298. 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100298.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors & LUMEN Publishing House

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant this journalright of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work, with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as an earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala Journal has an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
CC BY-NC-ND